Flying-machine.



C. V. JOHNSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION rILnD Nov.1o, 1910. v 1,036,249. Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

e SHEETS-SHEET 1.

infin ATTORNEYS C. V. JOHNSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED Nov.1o, 1910.

1,036,249, 'Patented Aug. 20,1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

I r-l WTNESSES.' WENTOH ATURNEYS C. V. JOHNSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIoATIoN FILED Nov. 1o, 1910.

1 ,036,249, i Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

w/r/vfssfs ,MENOR C. V. JOHNSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 10, 1910.

1 ,036,249. Patented Aug. 20, 1912. e SHEETS-SHEET 4.

W en@ E'M ci atI E w 1 -I am r-l x W gg fL* L l t I W/TIVESSES /NVE/VT? (gl/ /v/mm By www a! ma/vm C. V. JOHNSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIoAIoN FILED Nov.1o, 1910.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

C. V. JOHNSON.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED N0v.1o,191o,

1,036,249, Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

` s SHEETS-SHEET s.

ATTORNEYS WITNESSES WQ?? f UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEToE.

y FLYING-MACHINE.

' To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CARL V. JoHNsoN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident 4 of Goldield, in the county of Esmeralda and State of Nevada, have invented a new and Improved F lying-Machine, of which the following is 'a full, clear, and exact description.

lThis invention relates to a new and improved flying machine of the heavier-than-- air type commonly known as aeroplanes.

An object of this invention is tovprovi-de a flying machine which will be simple in all conveniently. located within easy reach construction, inexpensive to manufacture,`- strong, durable, readily controlled both 1n horizontal and vertical directlons, and'easlly started and stopped.

A further object of thl-s invention'is to provide a flying machine in which the main supporting surface is provided by means of a plurality of individual planes capable of i pivotal movement and having their pivotal'4 axesarranged on a dlagonal, so as to vary,

the angle of incidence. v

A still further object of this invention is ito provide a flying machine in whichthe controlling mechanism for the steering, ele-v vational and main planes, and the brake, are

of the operator. y These and further objects, together wlth the construction and combination of parts, Will be'more fully described hereinafter and particularly set forth in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which simllar characters of reff vverence indicate correspondingparts in all the views, and in which l 'Figure 1 is a side view in elevation; Fig. 2 is a topvplan View; Fig. 3 is a fragmentary horizontal section between the upper and lower series of supporting planes, on the line 3 3 of Fig. 4; Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section on the line 4 4 of Fig. 3';

Fig., 5 is an enlarged detail View `'of thecon- Speeiicatipon of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 2o, 1912.

applicati-0n ined november 1o, 1910. serial No. 591,580.

nism therefor; Fig. 9 is an-enlarged fragmentary front .view in elevation of the elevational planes g, Fig. 10` is a diagrammatic perspective, illustrating the controlling means for the supporting *planes and the elevational planes; and Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic perspective illustration showing the connectionsof the cont-rolling means for the brakes.

.Referring 'more particularly to the separateparts of the device, 1 indlcates a frame, Whic i may be of any Suitable character and m'aterialvand is adapted to bemovably supportedfon the ground by any suitable means, suchV as the rollers or wheels 2. For the purpose lof supporting the machine'in air, there :are-provided la pair of superposed series?) and '4 of independent planes 5, 6, 7 and 8', arrangedin superposed pairs. The numberl ofsjeries of supporting planes, as

`Well a'svthenumberof planes in each series, "may' befvariefd-according to the supporting .surfacefdesiredt An important feature of this' invention is that these planes are 'all 'pivotally connected to the frame 1 so that they can fbejswnngto vary their; angle of .incidence to the air\ through which they normally pass.

l The pivotal connection of the planes' to 8 may be of any" suitable character, and in this case is shown to be formed of rods 9 and 10 secured to the planesintermediate'their side edges, and pivotally secured at theiry ends in the frame 1.` It is to be noted that these rods, instead of being set'exactly longitudinally of thev -1ni ldle,are set diagonally, so as to vary the angle of incidence of the planes for which they form the pivotal supports, when the# latter aremoved. vThe pivotal rods9 extend ...forward togthe right. diagonally, and the pivotal rodslO extend forward to the left "diagonally, so', that 'the rods 9 and 10 converge toward eachother.

For. the purposeiof 4max iipnlating the A planes-5to 8, thereisprovided a drum 11, secured to av shaft l12 and ihaving extending from .opposite sides thereof, stretches 13 and 14.- o-f a exible connectionl (see Figs.

5 and 10).- The stretch 13 passes over sultableA pulleys 16 and 17 tofone side of' a Amaster connecting link or ring 18, and the stretch 14- passe-s over suitable pulleys 19 and 20 to the opposite side of the connecting ring .18. It will thus be seen that the the rear rings 24, there are'provided iiexible y stretches 13 and 14 operate the ring 18 from opposite sides, and also are wound on opposite sidesiof the drum 11.

For `the purpose of manipulating the drum 11 and the shaft 12, there is provided a. hand wheel 21 connected tothe shaft 12 by a universal joint 22, for a purpose to be described hereinafter.

lmagining yourself seated at the rear of the wheel 21, facing the front, a turn of the wheel to the right Will move the ring 18 to the right, and a turn of the Wheel 21 to the left Will move the ring 18 tofthe left. This motion is transmitted by a plurality of intermediate flexible connections 23, to'a plurality of back rings 24 and 25, and also to a plurality of front rings 26 and 27, and

further, to a master ring 28, .corresponding to therear master ring 18,' only located in front. This forms a continuous endlessconnection passing over suitable guide pulleys 29, whereby a single movement lof the Wheell 21 to the right will circulate the continuous endless connection to the left, or in a counter-clockwise direction, and a sim le rotation of the wheel 21 to the left will circulate or' rotate' the endless-connection to the.`

right, or in a clockwise direction.

Extending from the rear right-hand side of the upper supporting planes 5, 6, 7 and 8, over Asuitable guide pulleys 31,-from left to right, to oints where they are secured to connections 30, which transmit a movement of the master ring 18 tothe right of the upper supporting planes, so as to depresstheir rear right-hand sides. Similarly, 'the opposite sides 'of therings 18 and 24 are c onnectedi by flexible connections 32, passing over suitable l guide pulleys 33 to the rearf vleft-hand side of the upper supporting planes A5 to .8, so that a ,movement v of the master ring l18 to the right will depress the rear left-hand sides of the 'upper supporting planes.` Similarly, the. front right-hand side of theupper sup ortmg planes 5., to 8 are connected, by flexi le connections 34, to

the rings 26, and the front left-hand side of the upper supporting planes are connected to the opposite-sides of the rings 26 by means of flexible connections 35. Thus, a movement of theV master ring 18 to the right will simultaneously depress'the right-hand sides of alllofthe upper planes, and a movement ofthemaster ring 18 to the left will simull taneously depress the left-hand sides of all 'fof the u per planes, and elevate the opposite j sides.v lmi-larconnections are provided for the lower supportin'g'planes 5 'to 8,4so thatI they -will move simultaneously in thesamel direction asthe'fu per supporting planes. I For example, `the lev t-hand sides ofthe lower ysu'pporting planes are connected by flexible `connections36 to one side of the rings 27 transverse axis.

connected to the opposite sides of the rings 27 and 28 by means of flexible connections 37. Likewise, the rear right'and left sides of the lower supporting planes are connected respectively by flexible connections 38 and 39 to the right and left-hand sides of .the rings 25. It will thus be seen that a rotation of the Wheel 21 to the left will depress the left-hand side of all of the upper and lower supporting planes and correspondingly elevate the right-hand side. A movement yof the wheel 21 to the right will accomplish the opposite result. Inasmuch, however, as the plvot of the' planes-is diagonal, the angle of incidence will be varied tol a-certain extent in the different planes at thesame vtime that frame so as to swing -fabout .a horizontal The rudder as av Wholev is connected by 'connectingrod's41 to -a lever 42, :which inturn is connected by ail-ink 43e,

to the controlling Wheel 21. The purpose of the universal joint 22 'willnow beseemgin that it permits ar swinging of the upper portion of the wheel, so as tovary the angle of incidence of the elevational rudder 40 without interfering with the drivingconnections between the wheel; 21;y and the drum r11.

\ Whilethe-.elevational rudder 40 may be of .anysuitable character, it reerably consists o'a pluralitylof-upper p anesf44 vand lower V planes-45. These vplanes are pivotally connected'hy-means of bars46, so that they may swing similar to the-supporting planes 4 to 8, and arecontrolledfrom :the wheel 21 by' being connected tothe master ring 28 bysuitable tlexible'connections 48 and 49 passing .over suitable guide pulleys. The planes 44 and 45 are adapted to swing in unison, by being connected together on opposite sides, by means of flexible connections 50 and 51. The frame 1 also extends to the rear of the main portion thereof, as at 52, where it is rovided with a trailing plane 53, pivoted at its forward end, as at 54 and held in a normal horizontal position by means of springs 55 and 56, which extend in' opposite directionsand are connected to suitable portions of the extension frame 52v On this extension frame 52, there is also provided a verv tically-extendlng directional. rudder 57,

which is normally held in a longitudinallyextend'ing'position by means of springs 58 andl 59, connected to opposite sides thereof and-.to the lframe. This rudder, however, is capable .of movement either to the right or to the left, 'for theypurpose of directing the fiying. machine asa whole either tothe right orto the left.l For'V this purpose, there are pivvided flexible-'connections 60 and 61, extendingfrom op osite sides of tbefrear of the rudder, .Whic is-pivotally` connected to swinging inwardly by means of stops in the form of braces G5, but are permitted to swing outwardly in a yielding manner when the wind blows against them, by means of springs 66, which normally hold them in engagement with the stops 65.

For the purpose of forming brakes to slow up the machine when in closeI proximity to, or when riding on, the ground, thereI are provided braking -members in the form of legs G7 pivotally connected to the frame 'l and pivotally connected together by means of links G8. Thelopposite side of these legs 67 are connected in operative relation with opposite sides of a drum 69 by means of flexible connections 70 and 71, which pass This is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 11. This drum 69 is rotatably supported on the frame and held from rotating-in one 4direction by means of a pawl 72 (see Fig. 8), which is v held by means of a spring 7 3 'into engagement with a ratchet wheel 74 formed on the drum 69'. The drum 69 is held from rotation in the opposite direction by means of a pawl 7 5, which is held in engagement with a ratchet wheel 7 6 facing in the opposite direction to the ratchet wheel 74, by means ot ya spring 77. The pawl 72 may be released by a foot lever 78 connected thereto by a suitable. flexible connection 79 passing ove suitablepulleys 80. y

The flying machine may be driven by any suitable means, such as a propeller 81, connected in driving relation with a suitable motor 82 of any character, such as a gasolene'engine.-

The operation of the 'device will be readily understood when taken in connection with the above description. lVhen it is desired to fly, the machine is driven along the ground by means of the propeller 81v until it has gained sufficient speed to warrant the operator in tilting the elevational rudder 40 tosuch an angle that it will raise the machine oi the ground. When once in the air, the operator can .vary his movement in a Vertical direction, by a further manipulation ot the rudder 40. He can also vary his travel in a horizontal Vdirection by-manipulatingY the ydirectional rudder 57. The action of theserudders can be modified, and theequilibrium of the flying machine as a whole, controlled by the manipulation of the supporting planes 5 to 8, by means of the rotation of the hand wheel 21. Inasmuch as these .planes are diagonally pivoted to the frame, the rotation of the wheel 9.1 will not only tilt the planes 5 to 8 transversely, but will also vary the angle of incidence which these planes normally have to the air through which they are traveling. When it is desired to alight and stop the machine, the brake legs 67 can be lowered by releasing the proper pawl and by rotating the drum 69 s o as to project the legs below the level of the wheels 2 to a greater orless extent. i

lVhile I have shown one embodiment of my invention, I'do not wish to be limited to the specific details thereof, but desire to beV protected in various changes, modifica-tions and alterations which may come within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1.- The combination with a frame, of a plurality of series of supporting planes, each extending the full width of the frameand comprising the plurality of supportingl planes, said supporting planes having independent diagonal pivots in said frame so as to swing transversely, and means for tilting said diagonally tilted supporting planes in unison.

Q. The combination with 'a frame, of a series ofsupporting planes diagonally pivoted to said frame, a rudder on said frame, comprising a plurality .of planes pivoted so as to swing transversely, and means for simultaneously tilting said supporting planes and said planes on said rudder.

3. The combination .witha frame, of a plurality of bars diagonally disposed on said frame and piv'otally connected thereto, and

said bars intermediate their side edges and extending directly transversely of said frame., 'l

' 4. The combinationwith a frame, of one or more supporting planes on said frame, a rudder pivotally connected to said frame so as to swing about a transverse horizontal axis, .said rudder comprising a plurality of planes adapted [to tilt about longitudinal horizontal axes, means for swinging said rudder, and means for tilting the planes of 4said rudder.

.a plurality of supporting planes secured to one side to the other of said frame arranged in vertically alined pairs, said last-mentioned planes being pivoted intermediate their side edges, and means for tilting said last-mentioned planes transversely in unison.

7. EThe combination with a frame, of supporting planes comprising a plurality of transversely swinging planes, each of which is intermediately pivoted in the frame, and a rudder on said frame comprising planes intermediately Y piv'oted to swing transversely, similar to the main planes.-

8. The combination with a' frame, 'of supporting planes comprising a plurality of transversely swinging planes, each of which 15 termediately pivoted to'swing transversely,

similar to the main planes, and means for simultaneously adjusting the main planes 2o and the rudder planes.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' CARL V. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

WALLACE MAGGR'EGOR, D. S. JOHNSON. 

